37 Caligula becomes Roman Emperor (37-41), possibly having murdered Tiberius

731 Accession of Pope Gregory III (731-741), later canonized

1167 Battle of Al-Babein: Turks defeat the Kingdom of Jerusalem

1190 Crusaders kill 57 Jews in Bury St Edmonds, England

1776 George Washington's army enters newly liberated Boston

1793 Battle of Neerwinden: The Austrians defeat the French

1799 Cardinal Ruffo's Calabrian insurgents liberate Cosenza from the French amid the great slaughter

1859 Mexican War of Reform: Vera Cruz besieged by the Conservatives

1871 Revolt of the Paris Commune begins

1896 Second Battle of Sebderat: Italians defeat the Sudanese Mahdists

1915 British & French lose 6 ships attempting to force the Dardanelles

1917 French battleship 'Danton' is sunk off Sardinia by a German u-boat, 296 die

1921 Peace of Riga: Ends Polish-Soviet War

1942 "Free Netherlands" resistance movement begins boycott of theaters

1943 Burma: "Chindits" raid across the Irrawaddy River

1944 German troops seize control of Hungary

1944 Mt Vesuvius begins an eleven-day eruption, slightly inconveniencing World War II

1944 U.S. Task Group 50.1 bombards Mili Atoll in the Marshall Islands.

1945 Massive USAAF raid on Berlin, c. 1250 bombers

1945 US Task Force 58 attacks targets on Kyushu

1952 Communist offensive in Korea begins

1962 Algerian War for Independence ends; c. 250,000 have died since '55