41 The Praetorians haul Claudius from a closet & proclaim him Emperor (41-54)

1328 King Edward III of England marries Philippa of Henegouwen

1458 Matthias I Corvinus, 14, is elected King of Hungary and Croatia (1458-1490)

1497 Battle of Soriano: The Orsini defeat Papal forces

1568 Netherlands: the Duke of Alva declares William of Orange an outlaw

1597 Battle of Turnhout: Maurice of Nassau defeats the Spanish

1634 Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II declares his generalissimo Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von Wallenstein a traitor

1742 Charles VII, husband of Maria Teresa, elected Holy Roman Emperor (1742-1745)

1847 Col. Sterling Price defeats c. 1,500 Indians & Mexicans to secure New Mexico for the US

1848 James W. Marshall finds gold at Sutter's Mill near Sacramento, initiating the California Gold Rush

1861 Federal Arsenal at Augusta, Ga, seized by state troops

1861 Federal troops take ship at Ft Monroe for Ft Pickens

1879 War of the Pacific: Chileans capture Antofagasta from Bolivia, initiating hostilities

1915 Battle of Dogger Bank: Royal Navy defeats the Germans in the North Sea

1916 Britain adopts conscription

1935 Kreuger Brewing Company of Virginia introduces beer in cans

1939 Spanish Republican government flees from Barcelona to Figueras

1941 British troops invade Italian East Africa

1942 Australian resistance at Rabaul ends.

1942 Borneo: Japanese begin landings at Balikpapan

1942 Bougainville: Japanese forces begin landing at Keita

1942 Malaya: British initiate a withdrawal to Singapore.

1943 Aleutians: Japanese begin a series of air raids from Attu on Amchitka.

1944 US a/c conduct long-range recon over the Marshalls, from the Gilberts.

1945 China: Advancing Japanese troops cause evacuation of U.S. airbase at Sichuan

1961 A B-52 breaks up over the North Carolina coast, losing two H-bombs, one of which is still missing

1975 Puerto Rican nationalists bomb Fraunces Tavern; 4 die, 50 injured

1991 USN helicopters liberate Kuwaiti offshore oil rigs from the Iraqis.

2011 An Islamist suicide bomber attacks Moscow's Domodedovo Airport, 35 die, c. 80 injured